| code | name | Purpose | status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E100 | Curcumin (from turmeric) | Yellow-orange | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E101 | Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin | Yellow-orange | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E101a | Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate | Yellow-orange | Approved in the EU | ||
| E102 | Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) | Lemon yellow | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E103 | Alkannin[11] | Red-brown | |||
| E104 | Quinoline Yellow WS | Dull or greenish yellow | Approved in the EU | Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK | ||
| E105 | Fast Yellow AB | Yellow | |||
| E106 | Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate | Yellow | |||
| E107 | Yellow 2G | Yellow | |||
| E110 | Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6) | Yellow-orange | Approved in the EU | Banned in Norway[citation needed] Products in the EU require warnings and its use is being phased-out Approved in the US | ||
| E111 | Orange GGN | Orange | |||
| E120 | Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmine (Natural Red 4) | Crimson | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E121 | Citrus Red 2 | Dark red | Approved in the United States only for use in colouring the skin of oranges | ||
| E122 | Carmoisine (azorubine) | Red to maroon | Approved in the EU | Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK. Currently banned in Canada, Japan, Norway, USA EU currently evaluating health risks | ||
| E123 | Amaranth (FD&C Red 2) | Dark red | Approved in the EU | ||
| E124 | Ponceau 4R (Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R) | Red | Approved in the EU | ||
| E125 | Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN | Red | Only permitted for externally applied drugs and cosmetics in the US | ||
| E126 | Ponceau 6R | Red | |||
| E127 | Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3) | Red | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E128 | Red 2G | Red | |||
| E129 | Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40) | Red | Approved in the EU | Banned in Switzerland[citation needed]. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK. Approved in the US | ||
| E130 | Indanthrene blue RS | Blue | |||
| E131 | Patent Blue V | Dark blue | Approved in the EU | ||
| E132 | Indigo carmine (indigotine, FD&C Blue 2) | Indigo | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E133 | Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1) | Reddish blue | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E140 | Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins | Green | Approved in the EU | ||
| E141 | Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins | Green | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E142 | Green S | Green | Approved in the EU | ||
| E143 | Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3) | Sea green | Approved in the US. Banned in the EU. | ||
| E150a | Plain caramel | Brown | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E150b | Caustic sulphite caramel | Brown | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E150c | Ammonia caramel | Brown | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E150d | Sulphite ammonia caramel | Brown | Approved in the US | ||
| E151 | Black PN, Brilliant Black BN | Black | Approved in the EU | ||
| E152 | Carbon black (hydrocarbon) | Black | |||
| E153 | Vegetable carbon | Black | Approved in the EU | ||
| E154 | Brown FK (kipper brown) | Brown | Approved in the EU for dyeing kippers only, however appears to no longer be used.[16] | ||
| E155 | Brown HT (chocolate brown HT) | Brown | Approved in the EU | ||
| E160a | Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene | Yellow-orange to brown | Approved in the EU | ||
| E160b | Annatto, bixin, norbixin | Orange | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E160c | Paprika oleoresin, Capsanthin, capsorubin | Red | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E160d | Lycopene | Bright to deep red | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E160e | Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) | Orange-red to yellow | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E160f | Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) | Orange-red to yellow | Approved in the EU | ||
| E161a | Flavoxanthin | Golden-yellow and brownish | |||
| E161b | Lutein | Orange-red to yellow | Approved in the EU | ||
| E161c | Cryptoxanthin | Orange-red | |||
| E161d | Rubixanthin | Orange-red | |||
| E161e | Violaxanthin | Orange | |||
| E161f | Rhodoxanthin | Purple | |||
| E161g | Canthaxanthin | Violet | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E161h | Zeaxanthin | Orange-red | |||
| E161i | Citranaxanthin | Deep violet | |||
| E161j | Astaxanthin | Red | |||
| E162 | Beetroot Red, Betanin | Red | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E163 | Anthocyanins | pH dependent (Red, green and purple ranges) | Approved in the EU | ||
| E164 | Saffron | Orange-red | Approved in the US | ||
| E170 | Calcium carbonate, Chalk | White | Approved in the EU | ||
| E171 | Titanium dioxide | White | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US | ||
| E172 | Iron oxides and iron hydroxides | Brown | Approved in the EU | Approved in the US for sausage casings | ||
| E173 | Aluminium | Silver to grey | Approved in the EU | ||
| E174 | Silver | Silver | Approved in the EU | ||
| E175 | Gold | Gold | Approved in the EU | ||
| E180 | Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK | Red | Approved in the EU | ||
| E181 | Tannin | Brown | |||
| E182 | Orcein, Orchil | Purple | |||
| E200 | Sorbic acid | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E201 | Sodium sorbate | preservative | |||
| E202 | Potassium sorbate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E203 | Calcium sorbate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E209 | Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | |||
| E210 | Benzoic acid | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E211 | Sodium benzoate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E212 | Potassium benzoate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E213 | Calcium benzoate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E214 | Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E215 | Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E216 | Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) | preservative | |||
| E217 | Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | |||
| E218 | Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E219 | Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E220 | Sulphur dioxide | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E221 | Sodium sulphite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E222 | Sodium bisulphite (sodium hydrogen sulphite) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E223 | Sodium metabisulphite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E224 | Potassium metabisulphite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E225 | Potassium sulphite | preservative | |||
| E226 | Calcium sulphite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E227 | Calcium hydrogen sulphite (preservative) | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E228 | Potassium hydrogen sulphite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E230 | Biphenyl, diphenyl | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E231 | Orthophenyl phenol | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E232 | Sodium orthophenyl phenol | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E233 | Thiabendazole | preservative | |||
| E234 | Nisin | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E235 | Natamycin, Pimaracin | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E236 | Formic acid | preservative | |||
| E237 | Sodium formate | preservative | |||
| E238 | Calcium formate | preservative | |||
| E239 | Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E240 | Formaldehyde | preservative | |||
| E242 | Dimethyl dicarbonate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E249 | Potassium nitrite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E250 | Sodium nitrite | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E251 | Sodium nitrate (Chile saltpeter) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E252 | Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E260 | Acetic acid (preservative) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E261 | Potassium acetate (preservative) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E262 | Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium diacetate (sodium hydrogen acetate) | preservative, acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E263 | Calcium acetate (preservative) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E264 | Ammonium acetate | preservative | |||
| E265 | Dehydroacetic acid | preservative | |||
| E266 | Sodium dehydroacetate | preservative | |||
| E270 | Lactic acid (preservative) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E280 | Propionic acid | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E281 | Sodium propionate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E282 | Calcium propionate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E283 | Potassium propionate | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E284 | Boric acid | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E285 | Sodium tetraborate (borax) | preservative | Approved in the EU | ||
| E290 | Carbon dioxide | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E296 | Malic acid (acid) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E297 | Fumaric acid | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E300 | Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E301 | Sodium ascorbate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E302 | Calcium ascorbate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E303 | Potassium ascorbate | antioxidant | |||
| E304 | Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (Ascorbyl palmitate) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E305 | Ascorbyl stearate | antioxidant | |||
| E306 | Tocopherols (natural) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E307 | Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E308 | Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E309 | Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E310 | Propyl gallate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E311 | Octyl gallate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E312 | Dodecyl gallate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E313 | Ethyl gallate | antioxidant | |||
| E314 | Guaiac resin | antioxidant | |||
| E315 | Erythorbic acid | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E316 | Sodium erythorbate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E317 | Erythorbin acid | antioxidant | |||
| E318 | Sodium erythorbin | antioxidant | |||
| E319 | tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E320 | Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E321 | Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E322 | Lecithin | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E323 | Anoxomer | antioxidant | |||
| E324 | Ethoxyquin | antioxidant | |||
| E325 | Sodium lactate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E326 | Potassium lactate (antioxidant) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E327 | Calcium lactate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E328 | Ammonium lactate | acidity regulator | |||
| E329 | Magnesium lactate | acidity regulator | |||
| E330 | Citric acid | acid, acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E331 | Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E332 | Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E333 | Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate) | acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E334 | Tartaric acid (L(+)-) | (acid) | Approved in the EU | ||
| E335 | Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E336 | Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E337 | Sodium potassium tartrate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E338 | Orthophosphoric acid | acid | Approved in the EU | ||
| E339 | Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E340 | Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E341 | Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate | anti-caking agent, firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E342 | Ammonium phosphates: (i) monoammonium phosphate (ii) diammonium phosphate | ||||
| E343 | Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives. | ||
| E344 | Lecitin citrate | acidity regulator | |||
| E345 | Magnesium citrate | acidity regulator | |||
| E349 | Ammonium malate | acidity regulator | |||
| E350 | Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E351 | Potassium malate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E352 | Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E353 | Metatartaric acid | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E354 | Calcium tartrate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E355 | Adipic acid | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E356 | Sodium adipate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E357 | Potassium adipate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E359 | Ammonium adipate | acidity regulator | |||
| E363 | Succinic acid | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E365 | Sodium fumarate | acidity regulator | |||
| E366 | Potassium fumarate | acidity regulator | |||
| E367 | Calcium fumarate | acidity regulator | |||
| E368 | Ammonium fumarate | acidity regulator | |||
| E370 | 1,4-Heptonolactone | acidity regulator | |||
| E380 | Triammonium citrate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E381 | Ammonium ferric citrate | acidity regulator | |||
| E383 | Calcium glycerylphosphate | acidity regulator | |||
| E384 | Isopropyl citrate | acidity regulator | |||
| E385 | Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA) | sequestrant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E386 | Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Disodium EDTA) | sequestrant | |||
| E387 | Oxystearin | stabiliser | |||
| E388 | Thiodipropionic acid | ||||
| E389 | Dilauryl thiodipropionate | ||||
| E390 | Distearyl thiodipropionate | ||||
| E391 | Phytic acid | ||||
| E392 | Extracts of rosemary | Approved in 2010 | |||
| E399 | Calcium lactobionate | ||||
| E400 | Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E401 | Sodium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E402 | Potassium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E403 | Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E404 | Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E405 | Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E406 | Agar (thickener) (gelling agent) | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E407 | Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E407a | Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E408 | Bakers yeast glycan | ||||
| E409 | Arabinogalactan | ||||
| E410 | Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E411 | Oat gum (thickener) | stabiliser | |||
| E412 | Guar gum (thickener) | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E413 | Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E414 | Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E415 | Xanthan gum (thickener) | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E416 | Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E417 | Tara gum (thickener) | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E418 | Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E419 | Gum ghatti (thickener) (stabiliser) | emulsifier | |||
| E420 | Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener) | humectant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E421 | Mannitol (anti-caking agent) | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E422 | Glycerol (emulsifier) | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E424 | Curdlan | ||||
| E425 | Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane | emulsifier | Approved in the EU May not be used in confectionery owing to choking risk | ||
| E426 | Soybean hemicellulose | Approved in the EU | |||
| E427 | Cassia gum | Approved in 2010 | |||
| E429 | Peptones | ||||
| E430 | Polyoxyethene (8) stearate (emulsifier) | stabiliser | |||
| E431 | Polyoxyethene (40) stearate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E432 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E433 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E434 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E435 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E436 | Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E440 | Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E441 | Gelatine (emulsifier) | gelling agent | |||
| E442 | Ammonium phosphatides | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E443 | Brominated vegetable oil | emulsifier | |||
| E444 | Sucrose acetate isobutyrate | emulsifier | |||
| E445 | Glycerol esters of wood rosins | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E446 | Succistearin | ||||
| E450 | Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E451 | Triphosphates (i) Sodium triphosphate (pentasodium triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E452 | Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphosphates (v) Ammonium polyphosphate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E459 | Beta-cyclodextrin | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E460 | Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E461 | Methyl cellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E462 | Ethyl cellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E463 | Hydroxypropyl cellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E464 | Hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E465 | Ethyl methyl cellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E466 | Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E467 | Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose | ||||
| E468 | Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives | ||
| E469 | Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E470a | Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E470b | Magnesium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E471 | Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate) | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472a | Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472b | Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472c | Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472d | Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472e | Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472f | Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E472g | Succinylated monoglycerides | emulsifier | |||
| E473 | Sucrose esters of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E474 | Sucroglycerides | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E475 | Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E476 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E477 | Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E478 | Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1 | emulsifier | |||
| E479b | Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E480 | Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate | emulsifier | |||
| E481 | Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E482 | Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E483 | Stearyl tartrate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E484 | Stearyl citrate | emulsifier | |||
| E485 | Sodium stearoyl fumarate | emulsifier | |||
| E486 | Calcium stearoyl fumarate | emulsifier | |||
| E487 | Sodium laurylsulphate | emulsifier | |||
| E488 | Ethoxylated Mono- and Di-Glycerides | emulsifier | |||
| E489 | Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester | emulsifier | |||
| E490 | Propane-1,2-diol | ||||
| E491 | Sorbitan monostearate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E492 | Sorbitan tristearate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E493 | Sorbitan monolaurate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E494 | Sorbitan monooleate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E495 | Sorbitan monopalmitate | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E496 | Sorbitan trioleate | emulsifier | |||
| E497 | Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymers | ||||
| E498 | Partial polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil | ||||
| E500 | Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator) | raising agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E501 | Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E503 | Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate) | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E504 | Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium hydrogen carbonate | acidity regulator, anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E505 | Ferrous carbonate | acidity regulator | |||
| E507 | Hydrochloric acid | acid | Approved in the EU | ||
| E508 | Potassium chloride (gelling agent) | seasoning | Approved in the EU | ||
| E509 | Calcium chloride (sequestrant) | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E510 | Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator) | improving agent | |||
| E511 | Magnesium chloride | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E512 | Stannous chloride | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E513 | Sulphuric acid | acid | Approved in the EU | ||
| E514 | Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) | acid | Approved in the EU | ||
| E515 | Potassium Sulphates (i) Potassium Sulphate (ii) | Approved in the EU | |||
| E516 | Calcium sulphate | Approved in the EU | |||
| E517 | Ammonium sulphate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E518 | Magnesium sulphate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator) | firming agent | |||
| E519 | Copper(II) sulphate | preservative | |||
| E520 | Aluminium sulphate | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E521 | Aluminium sodium sulphate | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E522 | Aluminium potassium sulphate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E523 | Aluminium ammonium sulphate | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E524 | Sodium hydroxide | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E525 | Potassium hydroxide | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E526 | Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator) | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E527 | Ammonium hydroxide | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E528 | Magnesium hydroxide | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E529 | Calcium oxide (acidity regulator) | improving agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E530 | Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E535 | Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E536 | Potassium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E537 | Ferrous hexacyanomanganate | anti-caking agent | |||
| E538 | Calcium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E539 | Sodium thiosulphate | antioxidant | |||
| E540 | Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator) | emulsifier | |||
| E541 | Sodium aluminium phosphate (i) Acidic (ii) Basic | emulsifier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E542 | Bone phosphate (Essentiale Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic) | anti-caking agent | |||
| E543 | Calcium sodium polyphosphate | emulsifier | |||
| E544 | Calcium polyphosphate | emulsifier | |||
| E545 | Ammonium polyphosphate | emulsifier | |||
| E550 | Sodium Silicates (i) Sodium silicate (ii) Sodium metasilicate | anti-caking agent | |||
| E551 | Silicon dioxide (Silica) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E552 | Calcium silicate | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E553a | (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E553b | Talc | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E554 | Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E555 | Potassium aluminium silicate | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E556 | Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E557 | Zinc silicate | anti-caking agent | |||
| E558 | Bentonite | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E559 | Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E560 | Potassium silicate | anti-caking agent | |||
| E561 | Vermiculite | ||||
| E562 | Sepiolite | ||||
| E563 | Sepiolitic clay | ||||
| E565 | Lignosulphonates | ||||
| E566 | Natrolite-phonolite | ||||
| E570 | Stearic acid (Fatty acid) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E572 | Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier) | anti-caking agent | |||
| E574 | Gluconic acid | acidity regulator | Approved in the EU | ||
| E575 | Glucono delta-lactone (acidity regulator) | sequestrant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E576 | Sodium gluconate | sequestrant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E577 | Potassium gluconate | sequestrant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E578 | Calcium gluconate | firming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E579 | Ferrous gluconate | food colouring | Approved in the EU | ||
| E580 | Magnesium gluconate | ||||
| E585 | Ferrous lactate | food colouring | Approved in the EU | ||
| E586 | 4-Hexylresorcinol | antioxidant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E598 | Synthetic calcium aluminates | ||||
| E599 | Perlite | ||||
| E620 | Glutamic acid | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E621 | Monosodium glutamate (MSG) | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E622 | Monopotassium glutamate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E623 | Calcium diglutamate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E624 | Monoammonium glutamate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E625 | Magnesium diglutamate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E626 | Guanylic acid | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E627 | Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E628 | Dipotassium guanylate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E629 | Calcium guanylate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E630 | Inosinic acid | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E631 | Disodium inosinate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E632 | Dipotassium inosinate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E633 | Calcium inosinate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E634 | Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E635 | Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E640 | Glycine and its sodium salt | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E650 | Zinc acetate | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E701 | Tetracyclines | antibiotic | |||
| E702 | Chlortetracycline | antibiotic | |||
| E703 | Oxytetracycline | antibiotic | |||
| E704 | Oleandomycin | antibiotic | |||
| E705 | Penicillin G potassium | antibiotic | |||
| E706 | Penicillin G sodium | antibiotic | |||
| E707 | Penicillin G procaine | antibiotic | |||
| E708 | Penicillin G benzathine | antibiotic | |||
| E710 | Spiramycins | antibiotic | |||
| E711 | Virginiamycins | antibiotic | |||
| E712 | Flavomycin | antibiotic | |||
| E713 | Tylosin | antibiotic | |||
| E714 | Monensin A | antibiotic | |||
| E715 | Avoparcin | antibiotic | |||
| E716 | Salinomycin | antibiotic | |||
| E717 | Avilamycin | antibiotic | |||
| E900 | Dimethyl polysiloxane (anti-foaming agent) | anti-caking agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E901 | Beeswax, white and yellow | glazing agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E902 | Candelilla wax | glazing agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E903 | Carnauba wax | glazing agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E904 | Shellac | glazing agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E905 | Paraffins | Approved in the EU | |||
| E905a | Mineral oil | anti-foaming agent | |||
| E905b | Petrolatum | ||||
| E905c | Petroleum wax (i)Microcrystalline wax (ii) Paraffin wax | glazing agent | |||
| E906 | Gum benzoic | flavour enhancer | |||
| E907 | Crystalline wax | glazing agent | |||
| E908 | Rice bran wax | glazing agent | |||
| E909 | Spermaceti wax | glazing agent | |||
| E910 | Wax esters | glazing agent | |||
| E911 | Methyl esters of fatty acids | glazing agent | |||
| E912 | Montanic acid esters, Montan acid esters | glazing agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E913 | Lanolin, sheep wool grease | glazing agent | |||
| E914 | Oxidized polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene | glazing agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E915 | Esters of colophony | glazing agent | |||
| E916 | Calcium iodate | ||||
| E917 | Potassium iodate | ||||
| E918 | Nitrogen oxides | ||||
| E919 | Nitrosyl chloride | ||||
| E920 | L-cysteine | improving agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E921 | L-cystine | improving agent | |||
| E922 | Potassium persulphate | improving agent | |||
| E923 | Ammonium persulphate | improving agent | |||
| E924 | Potassium bromate | improving agent | |||
| E924b | Calcium bromate | improving agent | |||
| E925 | Chlorine | preservative, bleach, improving agent | |||
| E926 | Chlorine dioxide (preservative) | bleach | |||
| E927a | Azodicarbonamide | improving agent | |||
| E927b | Carbamide (urea) | improving agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E928 | Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent) | bleach | |||
| E929 | Acetone peroxide | ||||
| E930 | Calcium peroxide (improving agent) | bleach | |||
| E938 | Argon | packaging gas | Approved in the EU | ||
| E939 | Helium | packaging gas | Approved in the EU | ||
| E940 | Dichlorodifluoromethane | packaging gas | Rarely used | ||
| E941 | Nitrogen (packaging gas) | propellant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E942 | Nitrous oxide | propellant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E943a | Butane | propellant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E943b | Isobutane | propellant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E944 | Propane | propellant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E945 | Chloropentafluoroethane | propellant | |||
| E946 | Octafluorocyclobutane | propellant | |||
| E948 | Oxygen | packaging gas | Approved in the EU | ||
| E949 | Hydrogen | packaging gas | Approved in the EU | ||
| E950 | Acesulfame potassium | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E951 | Aspartame | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E952 | Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, also known as Cyclamate | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E953 | Isomalt, Isomaltitol | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E954 | Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E955 | Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E956 | Alitame | sweetener | |||
| E957 | Thaumatin (sweetener) | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E958 | Glycyrrhizin (sweetener) | flavour enhancer | |||
| E959 | Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (sweetener) | flavour enhancer | Approved in the EU | ||
| E960 | Steviol glycosides | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E961 | Neotame | sweetener | Approved in 2010 | ||
| E962 | Aspartame-acesulfame salt (sweetener) | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E965 | Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser) | humectant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E966 | Lactitol | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E967 | Xylitol | sweetener | Approved in the EU | ||
| E968 | Erythritol | humectant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E999 | Quillaia extract | foaming agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1000 | Cholic acid | emulsifier | |||
| E1001 | Choline salts | emulsifier | |||
| E1100 | Amylase | stabiliser, flavour enhancer | |||
| E1101 | Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) | stabiliser, flavour enhancer | |||
| E1102 | Glucose oxidase | antioxidant | |||
| E1103 | Invertase | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1104 | Lipases | ||||
| E1105 | Lysozyme | preservative | |||
| E1200 | Polydextrose | stabiliser, thickening agent, humectant, carrier | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1201 | Polyvinylpyrrolidone | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1202 | Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier) | stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1203 | Polyvinyl alcohol | Approved in 2010 | |||
| E1204 | Pullulan | Approved in the EU | |||
| E1400 | Dextrin (Dextrins, roasted starch white and yellow) (stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1401 | Modified starch ((Acid-treated starch) stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1402 | Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1403 | Bleached starch (stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1404 | Oxidized starch (emulsifier) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1405 | Enzyme treated starch | ||||
| E1410 | Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1411 | Distarch glycerol (thickening agent) | emulsifier | |||
| E1412 | Distarch phosphate esterified with sodium trimetasphosphate; esterified with phosphorus oxychloride (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1413 | Phosphated distarch phosphate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1414 | Acetylated distarch phosphate (emulsifier) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1420 | Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1421 | Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1422 | Acetylated distarch adipate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1423 | Acetylated distarch glycerol | thickening agent | |||
| E1430 | Distarch glycerine (stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1440 | Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1441 | Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser) | thickening agent | |||
| E1442 | Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1443 | Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerol | ||||
| E1450 | Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1451 | Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier) | thickening agent | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1452 | Starch aluminium octenyl succinate | Approved in the EU | |||
| E1501 | Benzylated hydrocarbons | ||||
| E1502 | Butane-1, 3-diol | ||||
| E1503 | Castor oil | resolving agent | |||
| E1504 | Ethyl acetate | flavour solvent | |||
| E1505 | Triethyl citrate | foam stabiliser | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1510 | Ethanol | ||||
| E1516 | Glyceryl monoacetate | flavour solvent | |||
| E1517 | Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin | flavour solvent | |||
| E1518 | Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin | humectant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1519 | Benzyl alcohol | ||||
| E1520 | Propylene glycol | humectant | Approved in the EU | ||
| E1521 | Polyethylene glycol 8000 [23] | Approved in 2010 | |||
| E1525 | Hydroxyethyl cellulose | thickening agent |
